关键词：The worlds first continuous smallradius spiral ramp excavated by tunnel boring machine at Chinas Beishan Underground Laboratory for highlevel radioactive waste disposal

摘要：China has achieved a major engineering milestone in the construction of the Beishan Underground Research Laboratory (URL) for geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste (HLW). On December 26, 2025, the project team successfully completed the excavation of the world's first deep, continuous small-radius, steep spiral ramp by a tunnel boring machine (TBM) named Beishan No. 1, which marke...

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